The long, winding road to sustainable mobility in Spanish cities

Abstract

This paper reviews forty years of urban mobility policies in Spain, identifying four main stages in a process that, while delivering improved and more sustainable mobility conditions to citizens, has also raised new challenges. Four stages are considered: institutional reconstruction (1979-1985), cautious infrastructure expansion (1986-1995), the big-construction bubble (1996-2007), and the grumbling sustainability turn (2008-2020)