Canadian grid codes and wind farm interconnections

Abstract

This paper will discuss wind farm electrical power system issues in grid codes. Grid codes are published by utilities and system operators to define the requirements for interconnection of generation and other facilities to the grid. The purpose of the grid code requirements is to ensure reliability, stability, power quality, protection of equipment and worker safety. These requirements are given at the point of interconnection (POI) with the transmission or distribution system, and will be different for different sizes and types of generation. Grid codes can cover a broad range of requirements, from continuous operational constraints to behavior during contingencies such as faults. Grid codes vary considerably based upon the issuer, their country or region and the type of transmission or distribution system. Manufacturer specifications for wind turbines are generally given on a per-turbine basis at the collector system voltage. When a wind farm is proposed, an initial assessment is made of the suitability of the wind turbines to the system. Studies are performed of the grid and wind farm(s) being considered which evaluate system performance and conformance with the grid code. Finally, tests and measurements during and after commissioning verify conformance of the wind farm to the applicable grid code.