The Window Fill Rate in a Multiple Location Inventory System with Periodic Review and Order Crossover

Yahel Giat
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Abstract

Deliveries in global supply chains are often made through lengthy shipping routes that are subject to many delays such as border crossings, inspections and so forth. Consequently, orders frequently crossover, that is, their order of arrival is not the same as the order that they were issued. In this paper we model a multiple location inventory system with Poisson demand and periodic review in which orders may crossover. The system’s performance measure is the window fill rate, i.e., the probability that a customer arriving to the system is served within her tolerable wait. We show that when spares are scarce the system’s overall performance decreases if spares are allotted equitably. Additionally, we show that there is a linear tradeoff between the tolerable wait and the number of spares needed to maintain a given performance level. The observations have practical implications to inventory mangers. First, that when resources are scarce it is optimal to cluster spares to only few locations. In contrast, when resources are abundant, then a more equitable solution is optimal. Second, that it is possible to design simple contracts that reward customers for their patience, or alternatively, that charge customers a premium for expedited service.
具有周期性评审和订单交叉的多地点库存系统的窗口填充率
在全球供应链中,交货通常是通过漫长的运输路线进行的,这些路线会受到许多延误的影响,比如边境过境、检查等等。因此,订单经常交叉,也就是说,它们到达的顺序与发出的顺序不同。本文建立了一个具有泊松需求和周期评审的多地点库存系统的模型,其中订单可能交叉。系统的性能度量是窗口填充率,也就是说,顾客到达系统后在可容忍的等待时间内得到服务的概率。我们证明了当备件稀缺时,如果公平分配备件,系统的整体性能会下降。此外,我们还展示了在可容忍的等待时间和维持给定性能水平所需的备件数量之间存在线性权衡。这些观察结果对库存管理人员具有实际意义。首先,当资源稀缺时,将备用资源集中到少数位置是最优的。相反,当资源丰富时,更公平的解决方案是最优的。其次,可以设计简单的合同,奖励客户的耐心,或者向客户收取加急服务的额外费用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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