THE STUDY OF THE CAUSE OF FAILURE OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE CHIRTMAS TREE AND EFFECTIVE SOLUTION WAYS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the causes of failures of fountain fittings in the process of operation, the measures taken to eliminate failures, increase efficiency and increase the overhaul period. İn order to improve the efficiency of the fountain fittings, the works that can be performed during major and current repairs are investigated. The main purpose of this article is to increase the reliability of the design of the fountain fittings. This article explores the causes of failure that may occur in wellhead christmas trees, their causes and solutions. The general design of x-mas trees is shown. Basically, christmas tree fittings are cross-shaped, three-necked and, depending on the design, for a working pressure of 21, 35, 70, 105, 140 MPa. x-mas trees perform the main and most important work, such as hanging tubing, shutting off the wellhead, providing the necessary pressure on the wellhead, and regulating oil production. As is known, during the operation of oil and gas wells, along with the main product, clay, sand and abrasive particles are removed from the well. Among these impacts, christmas trees are exposed to the corrosive attack of sand flowing with oil, gas and water during operation. It is the cross and the connecting elements of the x-mas tree - closing valves, the cross, the christmas tree, a pair of gates - saddles, the sealing elements that are most susceptible to eating (wear). Due to the fact that these processes occur under high pressure, a number of important requirements are imposed on the design of x-mas trees. İmproving the design of x-mas trees, which is wellhead equipment, is always one of the most important tasks in operation. In order to improve the efficiency of x-mas trees, the works that can be performed during major and current repairs have been studied. The main purpose of this article is to study the improvement of the reliability indicators of the x-mas tree design, increase the overhaul period. Keywords: Christmas tree, stem, valve, globe valve,packing element, shut-off valve, disc - saddle pair.