Signal combining techniques for video watermarking extraction

Abstract

This paper analyses the effect of signal combining techniques in video watermark extraction. A spread-spectrum like discrete cosine transform domain (DCT domain) watermarking technique is used as embedding method, together with common error correction codes (BCH, Reed-Solomon with multilevel signaling, and binary convolutional codes with Viterbi decoding). Besides an analytical evaluation of the signal combining strategies, its effectiveness is also assessed experimentally under MPEG-2 video compression.