Have Indian Deep trade agreements achieved their Export potential- Implications for the future

Abstract

The present study investigates the export potential of India’s deep & shallow trade agreements over the last two decades by employing stochastic frontier gravity model. The analysis investigates if the level of integration matters. The study further explores if the deep trade agreements supported Indian trade during pandemic times. The study finds that India’s deep trade agreements have achieved only 32 percent efficiency over the period of study and have not promoted exports, unlike the shallow trade agreements even during the pandemic.