Muscle-propelled force feedback: bringing force feedback to mobile devices using electrical stimulation

Abstract

We propose mobile force feedback devices based on actuating the user's muscles using electrical stimulation. Since this allows us to eliminate exoskeletons, motors and reduce battery size, our approach results in devices that are substantially smaller and lighter than traditional motor-based devices, and thus suitable for usage on-the-go. We present a simple prototype that we mount to the back of a mobile phone. It actuates users' forearm muscles via four electrodes, causing the muscles to contract involuntarily, so that users tilt the device sideways. As users resist this motion using their other arm, they perceive force feedback. We demonstrate the interaction at the example of three interactive videogames in which our approach to mobile force feedback provides a richer gaming experience.