THE LABOR MARKET OF POLAND AND UKRAINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE NEW MIGRATION WAVE

Abstract

he new wave of migration caused by the full-scale war in Ukraine has caused massive forced displacement of the population, both within the country and outside its borders. The situation with large-scale external migration is becoming critical and, poses a threat to the national security of Ukraine due to the non-return of a part of migrants in the post-war period: demographic changes due to the rapid reduction of the population of Ukraine, threats to socio-economic development, aging of the population, excess of demand over supply of labor in the labor market, etc. In order to clarify the changes taking place in the labor markets of Poland and Ukraine under the influence of the new migration wave, the role and significance of Ukrainian labor migrants in Poland before the start of the war was analyzed: the volumes, causes, main growth trends and probable consequences of external labor migration were determined; an assessment of the impact of labor migration and transfers on the Ukrainian economy in the pre-war period was carried out. An analysis of the number of Ukrainian forced migrants to European countries, in particular, to Poland, after 02/24/2022 was carried out. The influence of the new wave of migration from Ukraine on the labor markets of Poland and Ukraine is studied. Difficulties and obstacles affecting the employment of Ukrainian migrants in recipient countries are analyzed. Consequences caused by mass labor migration for the economy of Poland and Ukraine are considered. It has been proven that the additional labor force from Ukraine contributes to the rejuvenation of the age structure of the population, supports the economy of Poland and contributes to economic growth. At the same time, it should be noted that for Ukraine, the growing volume of external migration leads to a loss of labor potential, a reduction in consumption within the country, the volume of production of goods and services and, accordingly, an even greater reduction in GDP. It was established that in the conditions of war, a new wave of migration creates a number of challenges for the state and requires the implementation of an effective social and economic policy.