Smart Substation Communications and Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Survey

IF 34.4 1区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI:10.1109/COMST.2023.3305468

José Gaspar;Tiago Cruz;Chan-Tong Lam;Paulo Simões

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Electrical grids generate, transport, distribute and deliver electrical power to consumers through a complex Critical Infrastructure which progressively shifted from an air-gaped to a connected architecture. Specifically, Smart Substations are important parts of Smart Grids, providing switching, transforming, monitoring, metering and protection functions to offer a safe, efficient and reliable distribution of electrical power to consumers. The evolution of electrical power grids was closely followed by the digitization of all its parts and improvements in communication and computing infrastructures, leading to an evolution towards digital smart substations with improved connectivity. However, connected smart substations are exposed to cyber threats which can result in blackouts and faults which may propagate in a chain reaction and damage electrical appliances connected across the electrical grid. This work organizes and offers a comprehensive review of architectural, communications and cybersecurity standards for smart substations, complemented by a threat landscape analysis and the presentation of a Defense-in-Depth strategy blueprint. Furthermore, this work examines several defense mechanisms documented in the literature, existing datasets, testbeds and evaluation methodologies, identifying the most relevant open issues which may guide and inspire future research work.

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智能变电站通信与网络安全:综合调查

电网通过复杂的关键基础设施产生、运输、分配和向消费者提供电力，这些基础设施逐步从气隙结构转变为连接结构。具体来说，智能变电站是智能电网的重要组成部分，具有开关、变换、监控、计量和保护等功能，为用户提供安全、高效、可靠的电力分配。电网的发展紧随其后的是其所有部件的数字化以及通信和计算基础设施的改进，从而导致向数字智能变电站的发展，并改善了连接。然而，连接的智能变电站面临网络威胁，这可能导致停电和故障，这些故障可能在连锁反应中传播，并损坏连接在电网上的电器。这项工作组织并提供了智能变电站的架构、通信和网络安全标准的全面审查，并辅以威胁形势分析和纵深防御战略蓝图的介绍。此外，本工作考察了文献中记录的几种防御机制、现有数据集、测试平台和评估方法，确定了最相关的开放问题，这些问题可能指导和启发未来的研究工作。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS

CiteScore

80.20

自引率

2.50%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials is an online journal published by the IEEE Communications Society for tutorials and surveys covering all aspects of the communications field. Telecommunications technology is progressing at a rapid pace, and the IEEE Communications Society is committed to providing researchers and other professionals the information and tools to stay abreast. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials focuses on integrating and adding understanding to the existing literature on communications, putting results in context. Whether searching for in-depth information about a familiar area or an introduction into a new area, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials aims to be the premier source of peer-reviewed, comprehensive tutorials and surveys, and pointers to further sources. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials publishes only articles exclusively written for IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials and go through a rigorous review process before their publication in the quarterly issues. A tutorial article in the IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials should be designed to help the reader to become familiar with and learn something specific about a chosen topic. In contrast, the term survey, as applied here, is defined to mean a survey of the literature. A survey article in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials should provide a comprehensive review of developments in a selected area, covering its development from its inception to its current state and beyond, and illustrating its development through liberal citations from the literature. Both tutorials and surveys should be tutorial in nature and should be written in a style comprehensible to readers outside the specialty of the article.