Overview of the Usability of Second-Life Batteries in Smart Distribution Grids

Abstract

At present, distribution grids are required to become modern and intelligent to be able reliably and efficiently supply customers. This can be done by the application of Smart Grid technologies such as battery systems, electrical vehicles, demand response, renewable energy sources, intelligent metering and much more. The main goal of this paper is to review usage of batteries that reach the end of their first life. These batteries are then referred as second life batteries. They could provide auxiliary services for voltage and frequency regulation. As well as easier integration of RES and electrical vehicles. Battery systems made from second life batteries have a huge potential to improve the efficiency of entire energy system.