Genome structure and population genomics of the canine heartworm Dirofilaria immitis

IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
Javier Gandasegui , Rosemonde I. Power , Emily Curry , Daisy Ching-Wai Lau , Connor M. O'Neill , Adrian Wolstenholme , Roger Prichard , Jan Šlapeta , Stephen R. Doyle
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, is a filarial parasitic nematode responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in wild and domesticated canids. Resistance to macrocyclic lactone drug prevention represents a significant threat to parasite control and has prompted investigations to understand the genetic determinants of resistance. This study aimed to improve the genomic resources of D. immitis to enable a more precise understanding of how genetic variation is distributed within and between parasite populations worldwide, which will inform the likelihood and rate by which parasites, and in turn, resistant alleles, might spread. We have guided the scaffolding of a recently published genome assembly for D. immitis (ICBAS_JMDir_1.0) using the chromosomal-scale reference genomes of Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus, resulting in an 89.5 Mb assembly composed of four autosomal- and one sex-linked chromosomal-scale scaffolds representing 99.7% of the genome. Publicly available and new whole-genome sequencing data from 32 D. immitis samples from Australia, Italy and the USA were assessed using principal component analysis, nucleotide diversity (Pi) and absolute genetic divergence (Dxy) to characterise the global genetic structure and measure within- and between-population diversity. These population genetic analyses revealed broad-scale genetic structure among globally diverse samples and differences in genetic diversity between populations; however, fine-scale subpopulation analysis was limited and biased by differences between sample types. Finally, we mapped single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with macrocyclic lactone resistance in the new genome assembly, revealing the physical linkage of high-priority variants on chromosome 3, and determined their frequency in the studied populations. This new chromosomal assembly for D. immitis now allows for a more precise investigation of selection on genome-wide genetic variation and will enhance our understanding of parasite transmission and the spread of genetic variants responsible for resistance to treatment.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

犬心丝虫的基因组结构和种群基因组学
心丝虫(Dirofilaria immitis)是一种丝虫寄生线虫,对野生和驯养犬科动物的发病率和死亡率都有重大影响。对大环内酯类药物的抗药性是对寄生虫控制的一个重大威胁,促使人们对抗药性的遗传决定因素进行研究。这项研究旨在改善白喉螺虫的基因组资源,以便更准确地了解遗传变异在全球寄生虫种群内部和种群之间的分布情况,从而了解寄生虫以及抗药性等位基因传播的可能性和速度。我们利用马来布鲁氏菌(Brugia malayi)和盘尾丝虫病(Onchocerca volvulus)的染色体尺度参考基因组,指导最近发表的浮肿线虫病基因组组装(ICBAS_JMDir_1.0)的支架构建工作,最终完成了 89.5 Mb 的组装,由代表 99.7% 基因组的四个常染色体尺度支架和一个性连锁染色体尺度支架组成。利用主成分分析、核苷酸多样性(Pi)和绝对遗传差异(Dxy)评估了来自澳大利亚、意大利和美国的 32 个水蚤样本的公开和新的全基因组测序数据,以确定全球遗传结构的特征并测量种群内和种群间的多样性。这些种群遗传分析揭示了全球不同样本之间的广泛遗传结构以及种群间遗传多样性的差异;然而,精细的亚种群分析受到样本类型差异的限制和偏差。最后,我们将以前与大环内酯抗性相关的单核苷酸多态性映射到新的基因组组装中,揭示了 3 号染色体上高优先级变异的物理联系,并确定了它们在研究种群中的频率。现在,有了这种新的无尾孢蝇染色体组,就可以更精确地调查全基因组遗传变异的选择情况,并加深我们对寄生虫传播和导致抗药性的遗传变异传播的了解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
2.50%
发文量
76
审稿时长
23 days
期刊介绍: International Journal for Parasitology offers authors the option to sponsor nonsubscriber access to their articles on Elsevier electronic publishing platforms. For more information please view our Sponsored Articles page. The International Journal for Parasitology publishes the results of original research in all aspects of basic and applied parasitology, including all the fields covered by its Specialist Editors, and ranging from parasites and host-parasite relationships of intrinsic biological interest to those of social and economic importance in human and veterinary medicine and agriculture.
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