From the Inside Out: Exposing the Roles of Urea Cycle Enzymes in Tumors and Their Micro and Macro Environments.

IF 7.8 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
Emma Hajaj, Sabina Pozzi, Ayelet Erez
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Catabolic pathways change in anabolic diseases such as cancer to maintain metabolic homeostasis. The liver urea cycle (UC) is the main catabolic pathway for disposing excess nitrogen. Outside the liver, the UC enzymes are differentially expressed based on each tissue's needs for UC intermediates. In tumors, there are changes in the expression of UC enzymes selected for promoting tumorigenesis by increasing the availability of essential UC substrates and products. Consequently, there are compensatory changes in the expression of UC enzymes in the cells that compose the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, extrahepatic tumors induce changes in the expression of the liver UC, which contribute to the systemic manifestations of cancer, such as weight loss. Here, we review the multilayer changes in the expression of UC enzymes throughout carcinogenesis. Understanding the changes in UC expression in the tumor and its micro and macro environment can help identify biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis and vulnerabilities that can be targeted for therapy.

由内而外:揭示尿素循环酶在肿瘤及其微观和宏观环境中的作用。
在癌症等合成代谢性疾病中,分解代谢途径会发生变化,以维持代谢平衡。肝脏尿素循环(UC)是处理多余氮的主要分解代谢途径。在肝脏外,尿素循环酶会根据各组织对尿素循环中间产物的需求进行不同的表达。在肿瘤中,UC 酶的表达发生了变化,这些酶通过增加必需的 UC 底物和产物的可用性来促进肿瘤发生。因此,组成肿瘤微环境的细胞中 UC 酶的表达也会发生补偿性变化。此外,肝外肿瘤会引起肝脏 UC 表达的变化,从而导致癌症的全身表现,如体重减轻。在此,我们回顾了整个癌变过程中 UC 酶表达的多层变化。了解肿瘤及其微观和宏观环境中 UC 表达的变化,有助于确定早期癌症诊断的生物标志物和可用于靶向治疗的薄弱环节。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
14.30
自引率
1.90%
发文量
44
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine is a monthly online publication comprising reviews on different aspects of a variety of diseases, covering everything from the molecular and cellular bases of disease to translational medicine and new therapeutic strategies. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine is thus unmatched in its depth of coverage and represents an essential source where readers can find informed surveys and critical discussion of advances in molecular medicine.
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