Development of the Rural Perception Scale (RPS-18)

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Journal of Rural Health Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI:10.1111/jrh.12795

Sunny Jung Kim PhD, MS, MA, Jennifer Alford-Teaster MPH, Jenna E. Schiffelbein MPH, CHES, Tracy Onega PhD, MS, MA, MPAS

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

People living in rural areas often experience limited access to health resources, slow knowledge diffusion, and geographical isolation, and tend to be at higher risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes compared with nonrural populations. It is unclear, yet, how the concept of “rural” shapes observed differences from nonrural populations. We aim to develop a psychometrically sound scale to assess key dimensions that constitute individual-level perceived rurality.

Methods

We first conducted a broad literature review to identify a priori concepts related to rurality and adapted survey items measuring relevant constructs, such as loneliness, attitudes toward people living in rural areas, and perceived social membership. We used these conceptual constructs and measures to develop a survey questionnaire focused on rural perceptions. We recruit residents in 3 rural states: Kentucky, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Using the explorative factor analysis and second-order measurement model in the structural equation model framework, we developed a rural perception scale consisting of 18 items.

Results

We recruited 1,384 participants (n = 686 from KY; n = 698 from NH/VT) using Amazon Mechanical Turk (n = 897, 64.8%) and social media paid ads (n = 487, 35.2%). The average age of participants was 41 years old (SD = 15); 54.7% of respondents had less than college graduate education, and 94.2% reported their race as non-Hispanic White. Majority of the participants were from Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA)-designated urban areas (n = 798, 57.7%), followed by RUCA-designated large rural areas (257, 18.6%), RUCA-designated rural areas (n = 174, 12.6%) and RUCA-designated isolated areas (n = 133, 9.6%). Our final model revealed 4 latent constructs: “belonging” (Cronbach's α = 0.896), “attitudes toward rural life” (Cronbach's α = 0.807), “loneliness” (Cronbach's α = 0.898), and “community social ties to people in their community” (Cronbach's α = 0.846).

Conclusions

We identified 4 subfactors of the umbrella concept of rurality that explain how people in rural regions may perceive being in rural environments and having rural lifestyles.

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农村感知量表(RPS-18)的编制。

背景:与非农村人口相比，生活在农村地区的人往往面临卫生资源有限、知识传播缓慢和地理隔离的问题，并且往往面临更大的身心健康结果不佳的风险。然而，尚不清楚“农村”形状的概念如何与非农村人口观察到差异。我们的目标是开发一个心理测量健全量表，以评估构成个人水平感知乡村性的关键维度。方法:我们首先进行了广泛的文献综述，以确定与乡村性相关的先验概念，并调整了测量相关构式的调查项目，如孤独、对农村居民的态度和感知的社会成员资格。我们使用这些概念结构和措施来开发一份针对农村观念的调查问卷。我们在三个乡村州招募居民:肯塔基州，新罕布什尔州和佛蒙特州。利用结构方程模型框架中的探索性因子分析和二阶测量模型，我们编制了一个包含18个条目的农村感知量表。结果:我们从肯塔基州招募了1384名参与者(n = 686;n = 698(来自NH/VT)使用亚马逊土耳其机器人(n = 897, 64.8%)和社交媒体付费广告(n = 487, 35.2%)。参与者的平均年龄为41岁(SD = 15);54.7%的受访者学历低于大学研究生，94.2%的受访者称自己的种族是非西班牙裔白人。大多数参与者来自农村城市通勤区(RUCA)指定的城市地区(n = 798, 57.7%)，其次是RUCA指定的大型农村地区(257,18.6%)，RUCA指定的农村地区(n = 174, 12.6%)和RUCA指定的孤立地区(n = 133, 9.6%)。我们的最终模型揭示了4个潜在构式:“归属感”(Cronbach's α = 0.896)、“对乡村生活的态度”(Cronbach's α = 0.807)、“孤独感”(Cronbach's α = 0.898)和“社区与社区内人们的社会联系”(Cronbach's α = 0.846)。结论:我们确定了乡村性总体概念的4个子因素，这些子因素解释了农村地区的人们如何感知自己在农村环境中并拥有农村生活方式。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Rural Health 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

6.10%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Rural Health, a quarterly journal published by the NRHA, offers a variety of original research relevant and important to rural health. Some examples include evaluations, case studies, and analyses related to health status and behavior, as well as to health work force, policy and access issues. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies are welcome. Highest priority is given to manuscripts that reflect scholarly quality, demonstrate methodological rigor, and emphasize practical implications. The journal also publishes articles with an international rural health perspective, commentaries, book reviews and letters.